After oral rehydration, neonatal resuscitation could be considered as the most cost-
effective intervention available. It is critical to initiate an opportune and efficient
resuscitation, specially in premature infants, who are at highest risk for future
complications.
Commonly, asphyxiated newborn infants have been ventilated using 100% oxygen.
However, animal and clinical studies published in the last 10 to 15 ye-ars seem to
indicate that room air is as effective as 100% O2 for newborn resuscitation.
Given the limited available of resources in low and middle income countries, room air
would be useful alternative in neonatal resuscitation if it were as effective as 100%
oxygen.

Key messages

 There is insufficient evidence at the moment to suggest using room air instead of
100% oxygen in neonatal resuscitation.
 Oxigen as an alternative was available as backup in case of resuscitation failure in
all of the included studies.
 There is probably a lower risk fo death with room air than with 100% oxygen.
 It is not know whether there are important differences in long term outcomes, such
cerebral palsy.
the systematic review
− Detailed descriptions of interventions
or their implementation